Richard Clark

Current research focusses on the location and dynamics of working memory function in the human brain. The development of working memory function is probably one of the most recent evolutionary advances and one that has led to the emergence of self-consciousness and related high level mental function. My laboratory uses a range of imaging and psychophysiological techniques to visualise such function in normal and psychopathological groups, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging and high density electroencephalography. Our work is concerned with contributions to the functional localisation literature and with applications such as the biological evaluation of functional disorders and the mental control of external devices. Clinical activities include the neuropsychological assessment of functional disorders.

Publications (2006 - )

Seckfort, D. L., Robert, P., Grieve, S. M., Vandenburg, B., Bryant, R., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, R. A., Bruce, S., Gordon, E. (2008 In Press). Early life stress on brain structure and function across the lifespan: a preliminary study. Brain Imaging and Behaviour.

Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., Crewther, D., & Gordon, E. (2008). ERP indices of working memory updating in AD/HD: differential aspects of development, subtype and medication. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 25, 1-10.

Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., Crewther, D., & Gordon, G. (2008). Putative biomarker of working memory systems development during childhood and adolescence. NeuroReport, 19, 197-201.

Alexander, D. M., Hermens, D. F., Keage, H., Clark, C. R., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press). Event-related EEG wave activity provides new marker of ADHD. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Paul, R., Henry, L., Grieve, S. M., Guilmette, T. J., Niarura, R., Bryant, R., Bruce, S., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, R. A., Gordon, E., (2008). The relationship between early life stress and microstructural integrity of corpus callosum in a non-clinical population. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 4, 193-201.

Peres, F. P., McFarlane, A. C., Nasello, A. G., Moores, K. A. (2008 In Press). Traumatic memories: bridging the gap between functional neuroimaging and psychotherapy. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.

Broomhall, L., Clark, C. R., McFarlane, A. C,, O’Donnell, M., Bryant, R., Brooks, R., Creamer, M. (2008, In Press). Early stage assessment and course of acute stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.

Paul, R., Grieve, S., Chaudary, B., Gordon, N., Lawrence, J., Cooper, N., Clark, C. R., Kukla, M., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press). Relative contributions of cerebellar vermis and frontal lobe volumes on cognitive function across the adult lifespan. Neurobiology of Aging.

Kemp, A. H., Hopkinson, P. J, Hermans., Rowe, D. L., Sumich, A. L., Clark, C. R., Drinkenburg, W., Abdi, N., Penrose, R., McFarlane, A., Boyce, P., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2008, in press) Fronto-temporal alterations within the first 200ms during an attentional task distinguish major depression, non-clinical participants with depressed mood and healthy controls: A potential biomarker? Human Brain Mapping.

Seckfort, D. L., Robert, P., Grieve, S. M., Vandenburg, B., Bryant, R., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, R. A., Bruce, S., Gordon, E. (2008, in press) Early life stress on brain structure and function across the lifespan: a preliminary study. Brain Imaging and Behaviour.

Alexander, D. M., Hermens, D. F., Keage, H., Clark, C. R., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press) Event-related EEG wave activity provides new marker of ADHD. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Moores, K. A, Clark, C. R., McFarlane, A. C., Brown, G. C., Puce, A., & Taylor, D. J. (2008, in press). Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

Henry, L., Grieve, S. M., Paul, R., Guilmette, T. J., Niaura, R., Bryant, R., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, R. A., Bruce, S., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press). The relationship between early life stress and microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum in a non-clinical population. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.

Williams, L. M., Hermens, D. F., Palmer, D., Liddell, B. J., Kohn, M., Clarke, S., Keage, H., Clark, C. R., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press) Misinterpreting emotional expressions in ADHD: Evidence for a neural marker and stimulant efficacy. Biological Psychiatry.

Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., Crewther, D., & Gordon, E. (2008, in press) ERP indices of working memory updating in AD/HD: differential aspects of development, subtype and medication. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Shankman, S. A., Silverstein, S. M., Williams, L. M., Hopkinson, P. J., Kemp, A. H., Felmingham, K. L., Bryant, R. A., McFarlane, A., & Clark, C. R., (2008, in press) Resting EEG asymmetry and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress Biological Psychology

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Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lamb, C., Crewther, D., & Gordon, G. (2008). Putative biomarker of working memory systems development during childhood and adolescence. NeuroReport, 19, 197-201

Whitham, E. M., Pope, K. J., Fitzgibbon, S. P., Lewis, T., Clark, C. R., Loveless, S., Broberg, M., Wallace, A., DeLosAngeles, D., Lillie, P., Hardy, A., Fronsko, R., Pulbrook, A., & Willoughby, J. O. (2007). Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: Quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20 Hz are contaminated by EMG. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 1877-1888

Gatt, J. M., Clark. C. R., Kemp, A. H., Liddell, B. J., Dobson-Stone, C., Kuan, S., Schofield, P. R., & Williams, L. M. (2007) A genotype-endophenotype-phenotype path model of depressed mood: Integrating cognitive and emotional markers. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 75-104.

Clarke, S. D., Kohn, M. R., Hermens, D. F., Rabbinge, M., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2007) Distinguishing symptom profiles in adolescent ADHD using an objective cognitive test battery. International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health, 9, 355 -367.

Rowe, D. L., Cooper, N. J., Liddell, B. J., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2007) Brain structure and function correlates of general and social cognition. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 35-74.

Gordon, E., Liddell, B. J., Brown, K. J., Bryant, R., Clark, C. R., Das, P., Dobson-Stone, C., Falconer, E., Felmingham, K., Flynn, G., Gatt, J. M., Harris, A., Hermens, D. F., Hopkinson, P. J., Kemp, A. H., Kuan, S. A., Lazzaro, I., Moyle, J., Paul, R. H., Rennie, C. J., Schofield, P., Whitford, T., & Williams, L. M. (2007) Integrating objective Gene-brain-behaviour markers of psychiatric disorders. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 1-34.

Fitzgibbon, S. P., Pope, K. J., Powers, D. M. W., & Clark, C. R. (2007) Removal of EEG noise and artefact using blind source separation. The Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 24, 232-243.

McLaughlin, N. C. R., Paul, R. H., Grieve, S.M., Williams, L. M., Laidlaw, D., DiCarlo, M., Clark, C. R., Whelihan, W., Cohen, R. A., Whitford, T. J., & Gordon, E. (2007) Diffusion tensor imaging of the corpus callosum: a cross-sectional study across the lifespan. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 25, 215-221.

Galletly, C. A., MacFarlane, A. C., & Clark, C. R. (2007) Impaired updating of working memory in schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 265-274.

Whitford, T. J., Rennie, C., Grieve, S. M., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2007) Brain maturation in adolescence: concurrent changes in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 228-237.

French, H. T., Clarke, E., Pomeroy, D., Seymour, M., &, Clark, C. R. (2007). Psychophysiological measures of situation awareness. In M. Cook & J. Noyes (Eds.), Human factors of decision making in complex systems. London, UK: Ashgate.

Grieve, S. M., Williams, M. L., Clark, C. R., & Gordon, E. (2007). Cognitive aging, executive function and fractional anisotropy in the frontal lobe: A Diffusion Tensor MR imaging study. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 28, 226-235.

Paul, R. H., Gunstead, J., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, R. A., Lawrence, J. J., & Gordon, E. (2006). Cross cultural assessment of neuropsychological performance and electrical brain function measures: Additional validation of an international brain database. International Journal of Neuroscience, 117, 549-568.

Brickman, A. M., Zimmerman, M. E., Paul, R. H., Grieve, S. M., Tate, D. F., Cohen, R. A., Williams, L. M., Clark, C. R., & Gordon, E. (2006). Regional white matter and neuropsychological functioning across the adult lifespan. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 444 -453.

Clark, C. R., Paul, R. H., Williams, L. M., Arns, M., Fallahpour, K., Handmer, & C., Gordon, G. (2006). Standardized assessment of cognitive functioning across the full age-span using an automated touchscreen battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 449-467.

Kemp, A. H., Hopkinson, P. J., Clark, C. R., Gordon, E., Bryant, R., & Williams, L. (2006). Predicting severity of non-clinical depression: Preliminary findings using an integrated approach. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 5, 89-110.

Veltmeyer, M. D., Clark, C. R., McFarlane, A. C., Felmingham, K. L., Bryant, R. A., & Gordon, E. (2006). Integrative assessment of brain and cognitive function in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 4, 145-159.

Cohen, R. A., Grieve, S., Hoth, K. F., Paul, R. H., Sweet, L., Tate, D., Gunstad, J., Stroud, L., McCaffery, J., Hitsman, B., Niaura, R., Clark, C. R., MacFarlane, A., Bryant, R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2006) Early life stress and morphometry of the adult anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nuclei. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 975-982.

Zimmerman, M. E., Brickman, A. M., Paul, R. H., Grieve, S. M., Tate, D. T., Gunstad, J., Cohen, R. A., Aloia, M. S., Williams, L. M., Clark, R., Whitford, T. J., & Gordon, E. (2006) The relationship between frontal grey matter volume and cognition varies across the healthy adult lifespan. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 823–833.

Keage, H.A.D., Clark, C.R.., Hermens, D.F., Clark, S, Kohn, M., Williams, L., Crewther, D., Lamb, C., & Gordon, E. (2006). Distractibility in AD/HD Primarily Inattentive and Combined Subtypes: the P3a ERP Component, Heart Rate and Performance. The Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 5(1), 139-158.

Paul, R. H., Brickman, A. M., Cohen, R. A., Williams, L. M., Niaura, R., Pogun, N., Clark, C. R., Gunstad, J., & Gordon, E. (2006) Cognitive status of young and older cigarette smokers: Data from the international brain database. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 13, 457-465.

Research Grants (2006 -)

Clark, C. R., Identifying the cortical sources of abnormalities in cognitive function in PTSD using multimodal integration of structural MRI and ERPs. 2007-2008 3,825.69, Flinders Research Grant

Clark, C. R., Integrative brain processes break down over short time periods in post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. 2007, $3,996.27, Faculty Research Support Grants.

Clark, C.R., Working memory in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. 2006, $3,500, Faculty Publication Support Grant

Egan G. F., Mareels I. M., Crozier S, Clark C. R. MRI GRID Computing facility: Design, optimisation and image processing. 2005-7, $775,000 ARC LIEF Grant 

Bryant, R. A., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., Creamer, M. C., & Clark, C. R. Posttraumatic mental health: Enhancing resilience and recovery, 2004-2008, $4,500,000, NHMRC Program Grant.

Clark, C. R., Clarke, S., Crewther, D., Gordon, E., & Kohn, M. Evidence based evaluation of treatment in ADHD. 2004-2007, $225,000, ARC Linkage Grant.

Willoughby, J. O., Medvedev, A. V., Pope, K. J., Clark, C. R., Frasca, J., & Whitham, E. M. Intensified EEG rhythms in epilepsy. 2005-2007, $397,000, NHMRC Program Grant.

Clark, C. R. Identifying abnormalities in functional connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2006, $10,500, Flinders Research Grant

Moores, K. & Clark, C. R. Investigating abnormalities in cooperative brain activity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2006, $8,100, Flinders Medical Research Foundation.

Tlauka, M.,& Clark, C. R. Spatial memory: modality-specific or modality-independent? 2006, $10,500, Flinders Research Grant.

Tlauka, M., & Clark, C. R. Viewing maps versus reading a description of a map: Modality-specific encoding of spatial information., 2006, $3,990, Faculty Support Grant.

Conference Papers (2006 -)

Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Clark, S., Kohn, M., Williams, L., Crewther, D., Lamb, C., & Gordon, E. (2007, July) Contextual processing of deviant stimuli in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder subtypes. International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO). 2007 World Congress of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia.

Tlauka, M., Clark, C. R., & Liu, P. (2007, April). Modality-specific encoding of spatial information: an electrophysiological study. 34th Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference, Canberra, ACT.

McLaughlin, N. C. R., Paul, R. H., Grieve, S. M., Williams, L. M., Laidlaw, D., DiCarlo, M., Clark, C. R., Whelihan, W., Cohen, R. A., Whitford, T. J., & Gordon, E. (2007, February) Poster presentation: Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Corpus Callosum: A Cross-Sectional Study Across the Lifespan. The International Neuropsychological Society, Oregon.

Clark, C.R. (2007, February). Early Brain Development. Neuroscience Roundtable, Adelaide, Australia.

Clark, C.R. (2006, September). Neuroimaging of the brain: what can it tell us?  New Advances in Understanding the Brain. Inaugural Conference of the Brain Injury Network of South Australia. Adelaide, Australia.

Galletly, C., McFarlane, A., & Clark, R. (2006, September). Differentiating cortical patterns of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and post traumatic stress disorder. ASTSS/ACPMH 2006 Joint Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia.

Moores, K. A., Clark, C. R., McFarlane, A. C., Brown, G. C., Puce, A., & Taylor, J. (2006, September). Abnormal recruitment of brain networks during trauma-neutral working memory processing in PTSD. ASTSS/ACPMH 2006 Joint Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia

Shaw, M., Moores, K., & Clark, C. R. (2006, September). Investigating brain connectivity in PTSD using fMRI and a multivariate analysis. ASTSS/ACPMH 2006 Joint Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia.

Keage, H. A. D., Clark, C. R., Hermens, D. F., Clark, S., Kohn, M., Williams, L., Crewther, D., Lamb, C., & Gordon, E. (2006, April). Inappropriate assimilation of information in working memory in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes. Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society. San Francisco, USA.

Further information is available from Richard Clark's website